What is Orthognathic Surgery? Jaw and Dental Health

What is Orthognathic Surgery?

Orthognathic surgery is a surgical procedure performed to correct abnormalities in the teeth and jaw structure. This surgery is applied to align the teeth and jaws correctly. In individuals over the age of 18, when issues such as excessive protrusion, recession, or upward placement of the upper or lower jaw, or lateral deviation arise, orthognathic jaw surgery is performed to anatomically reposition the teeth, jawbones, and other soft and hard tissues. Orthognathic surgery is important not only for aesthetic purposes but also for addressing functional issues.

These surgeries are usually carried out in conjunction with orthodontic treatment and help achieve a healthier oral structure by improving the positioning of the teeth and jaws. Orthognathic surgery enhances the quality of life by improving basic functions such as chewing and speaking.

Objectives of Orthognathic Surgery

The main objectives of orthognathic surgery include both aesthetic and functional improvements. Some benefits provided by this surgery include:

• Aesthetic Improvement: To provide a smoother appearance of the jaw and teeth. For example, noticeable jaw protrusion or asymmetry can be eliminated, resulting in a more symmetrical facial structure.
• Functional Improvement: To correct chewing, speaking, and swallowing functions. Misaligned jaw structures can cause difficulty in chewing, which can be alleviated following orthognathic surgery.
• Dental Health Protection: Preventing tooth wear and decay. Properly aligned teeth allow for better cleaning, reducing the risk of tooth decay.
• Improvement of Oral Health: Reducing jaw joint problems and gum diseases. Improvements in oral health can have positive effects on overall health.

Stages of Orthognathic Surgery

Orthognathic surgery typically consists of several stages, which may vary depending on the patient's condition:

• Diagnosis and Evaluation: Initially, the patient's teeth and jaw structure are examined in detail. X-rays and 3D imaging techniques are used to assess the position of the jaws and teeth. During this stage, the orthodontist and oral surgeon collaborate to determine the treatment plan.
• Orthodontic Preparation: Prior to surgery, orthodontic treatment is applied to align the teeth correctly. This stage usually lasts several months. During orthodontic treatment, the movement of teeth helps achieve better results after surgery.
• Surgical Procedure: The surgical procedure, carried out by the dentist and oral surgeon, involves repositioning the jawbones as needed. This procedure is typically done under anesthesia and may last several hours, depending on the patient's condition. During surgery, the jawbones are moved to ensure the proper alignment of the teeth.
• Recovery Process: After the surgery, the patient's recovery is monitored. During this process, orthodontic treatment may continue to help the teeth adapt to their new position. During the recovery period, there are some key points that patients must pay attention to, so regular follow-up visits to the doctor are essential.

Who Can Benefit from Orthognathic Surgery?

Orthognathic surgery is recommended for individuals experiencing the following conditions:

• Conditions where the teeth and jaws are not properly aligned (e.g., open bite, closed bite). These conditions cause the teeth to close differently than normal, leading to chewing and speaking problems.
• Noticeable asymmetry or deformities in the jaw structure. These conditions affect facial symmetry and may cause a lack of self-confidence in social situations.
• Individuals experiencing chewing or speaking problems. Orthognathic surgery can resolve these functional issues, enhancing the individual's quality of life.
• Those seeking improvement in jaw structure for facial aesthetics. Jaw aesthetics are important for many individuals in social life.

Advantages of Orthognathic Surgery

Orthognathic surgery offers numerous advantages:

• Improved Oral Functions: Issues with chewing and speaking are corrected, significantly improving the patient's quality of life.
• Enhanced Aesthetic Appearance: A more symmetrical facial structure is achieved, boosting self-confidence. Feeling better about oneself can have positive effects on social life.
• Dental Health Protection: Properly aligned teeth are more resistant to decay and wear. This may reduce the need for dental treatments in the long term.
• Contribution to Oral Health: Improvements in jaw joint and gum health. Improvements in oral health can have positive effects on overall well-being.

Risks and Complications

As with any surgical procedure, orthognathic surgery carries certain risks. These risks include:

• Risk of infection: Failure to follow hygiene guidelines post-surgery may result in an infection.
• Pain and swelling: Pain and swelling are common post-surgery but can be managed.
• Damage to tooth roots: Rarely, damage may occur to tooth roots during the surgical procedure.
• Complications during the recovery process: Each individual's recovery process is different, and unexpected situations may arise.

Orthognathic surgery is an effective method for correcting dental and jaw deformities. This surgery helps individuals achieve a better quality of life both aesthetically and functionally. If you are experiencing issues with your jaw and dental health, consult an orthodontist and oral surgeon to see if orthognathic surgery is suitable for you. Experts will help you achieve a healthy smile with the right diagnosis and treatment.